1. 
Stuart Airlie. Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II. Past & Present [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998;(161):3–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/651071?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=%27Private%20bodies%20and%20the%20body%20politic%20in%20the%20divorce%20case%20of%20Lothar%20II%27&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2527Private%2Bbodies%2Band%2Bthe%2Bbody%2Bpolitic%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bdivorce%2Bcase%2Bof%2BLothar%2BII%2527%26amp%3Bprq%3Dsn%253A00312746%2BAND%2Byear%253A1998%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bwc%3Doff%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bso%3Drel
   
  
    2. 
Arjava A. Women and law in late antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1996.
    
  
    3. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy’. Masculinity in medieval Europe. London: Longman; 1999. p. 143–159.
    
  
    4. 
Cooper, Kate. The Gender of Grace: Impotence, Servitude, and Manliness in the Fifth-Century West. Gender and History [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 1 AD;551(3). Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00199/abstract
   
  
    5. 
Frantzen AJ. Before the closet: same-sex love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1998.
    
  
    6. 
Halsall G. ‘Material culture, sex, gender and transgression in sixth-century Gaul: some reflections in the light of recent archaeological debate’. Indecent exposure: sexuality, society and the archaeological record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press; 2001. p. 130–146.
    
  
    7. 
Leyser C. ‘Cities of the Plain: the rhetoric of sodomy in Peter Damian’s Book of Gomorrah’. Romanic review. New York: Dept. of French and Romance Philology of Columbia University; 1995;86:191–211.
    
  
    8. 
Markus RA. Augustine : a defence of Christian mediocrity. The end of ancient Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990. p. 45–62.
    
  
    9. 
Mazo Karras R. ‘Sexuality in the Middle Ages’. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 279–293. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881
   
  
    10. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others. Abingdon: Routledge; 2005.
    
  
    11. 
Meens R. Ritual purity and the influence of Gregory the Great in the Early Middle Ages. Unity and diversity in the church: papers read at the 1994 Summer Meeting and the 1995 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Blackwell; 1996.
    
  
    12. 
Murray J. ‘Historicizing sex, sexualizing history’. Writing medieval history. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005. p. 133–152.
    
  
    13. 
Bentley M. ‘Family, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages’. Companion to historiography. London: Routledge; 1997.
    
  
    14. 
Nancy F. Partner. No Sex, No Gender. Speculum [Internet]. Medieval Academy of America; 1993;68(2):419–443. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2864559?origin=crossref
   
  
    15. 
Payer PJ. Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1984.
    
  
    16. 
Skinner P. Women in Medieval Italian society 500-1200. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2001.
    
  
    17. 
Smith JMH. Men and Women. Europe after Rome: a new cultural history, 500-1000. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 115–147.
    
  
    18. 
Bennett JM, Karras RM. The Oxford handbook of women and gender in medieval Europe [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/doi/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001
   
  
    19. 
Karras RM, MyiLibrary. Unmarriages: women, men, and sexual unions in the Middle Ages [Internet]. 1st ed. Philadelphia [Pa.]: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441935
   
  
    20. 
McKitterick R, Abulafia D, Allmand CT, Reuter T, Jones M, Luscombe DE, Riley-Smith JSC, Fouracre P. ‘The sources and their interpretation’. The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.
    
  
    21. 
McKitterick R. ‘Introduction: sources and interpretation’. The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.
    
  
    22. 
Brozyna MA. Gender and sexuality in the Middle Ages: a medieval source documents reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co; 2005.
    
  
    23. 
Brozyna MA. Gender and sexuality in the Middle Ages: a medieval source documents reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co; 2005.
    
  
    24. 
Dutton PE. Carolingian civilization: a reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press; 1993.
    
  
    25. 
Manchester Medieval Sources Online - Manchester University Press [Internet]. Available from: http://manchester.metapress.com/content/H6520V
   
  
    26. 
Internet Medieval Sourcebooks [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.asp
   
  
    27. 
Foucault M. ‘The Battle for Chastity’. Western sexuality: practice and precept in past and present times. Oxford: Blackwell; 1985. p. 14–25.
    
  
    28. 
Garton S. Histories of sexuality [Internet]. London: Equinox; 2004. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1166397
   
  
    29. 
Hadley DM. 'Fear and fantasy: sexuality and medieval societies’. Indecent exposure: sexuality, society and the archaeological record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press; 2001. p. 179–200.
    
  
    30. 
Harper A, Proctor C. Medieval sexuality: a casebook [Internet]. New York: Routledge; 2008. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325055
   
  
    31. 
Mazo Karras R. ‘Sexuality in the Middle Ages’. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 279–293. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881
   
  
    32. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: doing unto others [Internet]. 3rd ed. London: Routledge; 2017. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132
   
  
    33. 
Nelson JL. ‘Family, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages’. Companion to historiography. London: Routledge; 1997.
    
  
    34. 
Boswell J. ‘Revolutions, universals and sexual categories’. Hidden from history. London: Penguin Books; 1991. p. 17–36.
    
  
    35. 
Hekma G. ‘A history of sexology: social and historical aspects of sexuality’. From Sappho to De Sade: moments in the history of sexuality. London: Routledge; 1989. p. 173–193.
    
  
    36. 
Lochrie K, McCracken P, Schultz JA, ebrary, Inc. Constructing medieval sexuality [Internet]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; 1997. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=310411
   
  
    37. 
Murray J. ‘Historicizing sex, sexualizing history’. Writing medieval history. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005. p. 133–152.
    
  
    38. 
Padgug RA. ‘Sexual matters: on conceptualising sexuality in History’. Hidden from history. London: Penguin Books; 1991. p. 54–64.
    
  
    39. 
Nancy F. Partner. No Sex, No Gender. Speculum [Internet]. Medieval Academy of America; 1993;68(2):419–443. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2864559
   
  
    40. 
Brozyna MA. Gender and sexuality in the Middle Ages: a medieval source documents reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co; 2005.
    
  
    41. 
Bailey LK. ‘These Are Not Men’: Sex and Drink in the Sermons of Caesarius of Arles. Journal of Early Christian Studies. 2007;15(1):23–43.
    
  
    42. 
David Brakke. Ethiopian Demons: Male Sexuality, the Black-Skinned Other, and the Monastic Self. Journal of the History of Sexuality [Internet]. University of Texas Press; 2001;10(3):501–535. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/stable/3704758?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
   
  
    43. 
Brown P, Lamont R. Sexuality and Society : Augustine. The body and society: men, women, and sexual renunciation in early Christianity. Twentieth anniversary ed. with a new introduction. New York: Columbia University Press; 2008. p. 387–427.
    
  
    44. 
Brown P. ‘East and West. The New Marital Morality’. A history of private life. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 1987. p. 297–311.
    
  
    45. 
Dyas D, Hughes E. The Bible in Western culture: the student’s guide. London: Routledge; 2005.
    
  
    46. 
Gender and the End of Empire. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies [Internet]. Duke University Press; 2004 Nov 3;34(1):17–39. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_medieval_and_early_modern_studies/v034/34.1halsall.html
   
  
    47. 
Markus RA. The end of ancient Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990.
    
  
    48. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy’. Masculinity in medieval Europe [Internet]. London: Longman; 1999. p. 143–159. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4186304
   
  
    49. 
Balzaretti R. Chapter 5, ‘Liutprand of Cremona’s Sense of Humour’. Humour, history and politics in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 114–128. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=202231&ppg=130
   
  
    50. 
Bishop J. ‘Bishops as marital advisers in the ninth century’. Women of the medieval world: essays in honor of John H Mundy. Oxford: Blackwell; 1985. p. 53–84.
    
  
    51. 
Brundage JA. ‘Sin, Crime and the Pleasures of the Flesh’. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 294–307. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881
   
  
    52. 
Cubitt C. ‘Virginity and misogyny in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century England’. Gender and History [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2000;12(1):1–32. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00170/abstract
   
  
    53. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: doing unto others [Internet]. 3rd ed. London: Routledge; 2017. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132
   
  
    54. 
Moore RI. Sex and the Social Order. The first European revolution, c 970-1215. Oxford: Blackwell; 2000. p. 65–111.
    
  
    55. 
John M. Riddle. Oral Contraceptives and Early-Term Abortifacients during Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Past & Present [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1991;(132):3–32. Available from: https://www-jstor-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/stable/650819?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
   
  
    56. 
Sheehan M. ‘Sexuality, Marriage, Celibacy, and the Family in Central and Northern Italy: Christian Legal and Moral Guides in the Early Middle Ages’. The family in Italy from antiquity to the present. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1991. p. 168–183.
    
  
    57. 
Elliott D. ‘Pollution, Illusion and Masculine Discovery: Nocturnal Emissions and the sexuality of the Clergy’. Constructing medieval sexuality [Internet]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; 1997. p. 1–23. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=310411
   
  
    58. 
Flint VIJ. The rise of magic in early medieval Europe. Oxford: Clarendon; 1993.
    
  
    59. 
Wood I. Incest, law and the Bible in sixth-century Gaul. Early Medieval Europe. 2003 Feb 26;7(3):291–303.
    
  
    60. 
Mueller MM, Caesarius, ebrary, Inc. Sermons: Volume 1 (1-80) [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, in association with Consortium Books; 2004. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3134799
   
  
    61. 
Amt E. Women’s lives in medieval Europe: a sourcebook. New York: Routledge; 1993.
    
  
    62. 
Hochstetler D. ‘The meaning of monastic cloister for women according to Caesarius of Arles’. Religion, culture, and society in the early Middle Ages: studies in honor of Richard E Sullivan. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University; 1987. p. 27–40.
    
  
    63. 
Klingshirn WE, Caesarius. Caesarius of Arles: life, testament, letters [Internet]. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; 1994. Available from: https://nottingham.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9780853233688
   
  
    64. 
Klingshirn WE. Caesarius of Arles: the making of a Christian community in late antique Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994.
    
  
    65. 
Klingshirn WE. ‘Caesarius’ monastery for women in Arles and the composition and function of the “Vita  Caesarii”. Revue bénédictine. [Maredsous, Belgique]: Abbaye de Maredsous; 1990;100:441–481.
    
  
    66. 
Leyser C. Authority and asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 2000.
    
  
    67. 
Zimmerman OJ, Gregory, ebrary, Inc. Dialogues [Internet]. New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc; 1959. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3134868
   
  
    68. 
Davis H, Gregory. Pastoral care. Westminster, Md: Newman Press; 1950.
    
  
    69. 
Bliss J, Gregory. Morals on the book of Job. Oxford: John Henry Parker; 1844.
    
  
    70. 
McClure J, Collins R, Bede. The ecclesiastical history of the English people: The greater chronicle ; Bede’s letter to Egbert [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1900623
   
  
    71. 
Collins R. Chapter 27, VIII question. The ecclesiastical history of the English people: The greater chronicle ; Bede’s letter to Egbert. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994. p. 47–52.
    
  
    72. 
McCarthy C. Love, sex and marriage in the Middle Ages: a sourcebook [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2004. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1517630
   
  
    73. 
Wallace-Hadrill JM. Bede’s Ecclesiastical history of the English people: a historical commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1988.
    
  
    74. 
Amos TL. ‘Monks and pastoral care in the early middle ages’. Religion, culture, and society in the early Middle Ages: studies in honor of Richard E Sullivan. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University; 1987. p. 165–180.
    
  
    75. 
Brown PRL. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000 [Internet]. 10th anniversary rev. ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1118492
   
  
    76. 
Chadwick H, Oxford University Press. The church in ancient society: from Galilee to Gregory the Great [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/doi/10.1093/0199246955.001.0001
   
  
    77. 
Gameson R. St Augustine and the conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton; 1999.
    
  
    78. 
Leyser C. ‘Masculinity in Flux: Nocturnal Emission and the Limits of Celibacy in the Early Middle Ages’. Masculinity in medieval Europe [Internet]. London: Longman; 1999. p. 103–120. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4186304
   
  
    79. 
Markus RA. Gregory the Great and his world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997.
    
  
    80. 
Meens R. ‘Ritual purity and the influence of Gregory the Great in the Early Middle Ages’. Studies in medieval culture. 1993;32.
    
  
    81. 
Meens R. ‘Questioning ritual purity: the influence of Gregory the Great’s answers to Augustine’s queries about childbirth, menstruation and sexuality’. St Augustine and the conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton; 1999. p. 174–186.
    
  
    82. 
Stuart Airlie. Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II. Past & Present [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998;(161):3–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/651071
   
  
    83. 
Nelson JL. ‘Queens as Jezebels’. Medieval women. Oxford: Blackwell, for the Ecclesiastical History Society; 1978.
    
  
    84. 
Nelson JL. ‘Parents, children and the Church in the earlier Middle Ages’. The church and childhood: papers read at the 1993 Summer Meeting and the 1994 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell; 1994.
    
  
    85. 
Nelson JL. ‘Family, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages’. Companion to historiography. London: Routledge; 1997.
    
  
    86. 
Skinner P. Women in Medieval Italian society 500-1200. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2001.
    
  
    87. 
Stafford P. Unification and conquest: a political and social history of England in the tenth and eleventh centuries. London: Edward Arnold; 1989.
    
  
    88. 
Lifshitz F. Beyond Positivism and Genre: ‘Hagiographical’ Texts as Historical Narrative - Viator - Volume 25, Volume 25 / 1994 - Brepols Publishers. 1994;95–113. Available from: http://www.metapress.com/content/j6lmp6254624503g/
   
  
    89. 
McNamara JA, Halborg JE, Whatley EG. Sainted women of the Dark Ages. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1992.
    
  
    90. 
Brown PRL. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2002.
    
  
    91. 
Swanson RN, Ecclesiastical History Society. Gender and Christian religion: papers read at the 1996 Summer Meeting and the 1997 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Woodbridge, Va: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press; 1998.
    
  
    92. 
McKitterick R, Abulafia D, Allmand CT, Reuter T, Jones M, Luscombe DE, Riley-Smith JSC, Fouracre P. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/EBDBC366EDD4D89D60BDBA7EBDB9EFDE
   
  
    93. 
Schulenberg JT. ‘Saints and Sex, ca. 500-1000’. Medieval sexuality: a research guide [Internet]. New York: Garland; 1990. p. 203–231. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5638893
   
  
    94. 
Wood I. The Merovingian kingdoms, 450-751 [Internet]. London: Longman; 1994. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1717665
   
  
    95. 
Thorpe LGM, Gregory. The history of the Franks. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1974.
    
  
    96. 
Halsall G. ‘Material culture, sex, gender and transgression in sixth-century Gaul: some reflections in the light of recent archaeological debate’. Indecent exposure: sexuality, society and the archaeological record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press; 2001. p. 130–146.
    
  
    97. 
Halsall G, ebrary, Inc. Cemeteries and society in Merovingian Gaul: selected studies in history and archaeology, 1992-2009 [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2010. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=635020
   
  
    98. 
Heinzelmann M. Gregory of Tours: history and society in the sixth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.
    
  
    99. 
Nancy F. Partner. No Sex, No Gender. Speculum [Internet]. Medieval Academy of America; 1993;68(2):419–443. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2864559
   
  
    100. 
Shanzer D. ‘History, Romance, Love, and Sex in Gregory of Tours’ Decem Libri Historiarum’. The world of Gregory of Tours. Leiden: Brill; 2002. p. 395–418.
    
  
    101. 
Peters E, Foulke WD, Paul. History of the Lombards [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2003. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441503
   
  
    102. 
Balzaretti R. Theodelinda, ‘Most Glorious Queen’: Gender and Power in Lombard Italy. The Medieval History Journal. 1999 Oct 1;2(2):183–207.
    
  
    103. 
Balzaretti R. Sexuality in Late Lombard Italy, c.700-c.800 AD. Medieval sexuality: a casebook [Internet]. New York: Routledge; 2008. p. 9–20. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=325055&ppg=18
   
  
    104. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Fatherhood in Late Lombard Italy’. Gender and historiography: studies in the earlier middle ages in honour of Pauline Stafford [Internet]. London: Institute of Historical Research; 2012. p. 9–20. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv5139fw
   
  
    105. 
Martínez Pizarro J. Writing Ravenna: the Liber pontificalis of Andreas Agnellus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 1995.
    
  
    106. 
Skinner P. Women in Medieval Italian society 500-1200. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2001.
    
  
    107. 
Arjava A. Women and law in late antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1996.
    
  
    108. 
Arjava A. Sexual relations outside marriage. Women and law in late antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1996. p. 193–229.
    
  
    109. 
Clanchy M. ‘Medieval mentalities and primitive legal practice’. Law, laity and solidarities: essays in honour of Susan Reynolds [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2001. p. 83–94. Available from: https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526148285/9781526148285.00009.xml?chapterBody=pdf
   
  
    110. 
To the Limits of Kinship. From Sappho to De Sade: moments in the history of sexuality [Internet]. Abingdon: Routledge; 2014. p. 36–59. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=1721043&ppg=49
   
  
    111. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others [Internet]. Abingdon: Routledge; 2005. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132
   
  
    112. 
Reynolds S. ‘Medieval Law’. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. p. 485–502. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881
   
  
    113. 
‘Between the lines: queer theory, the history of homosexuality and Anglo-Saxon penitentials’. The journal of medieval and early modern studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1996;26.
    
  
    114. 
Frantzen AJ. Before the closet: same-sex love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1998.
    
  
    115. 
Hamilton S. ‘The Unique Flavour of Penance: the Church and the People, c.800-c.1100’. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881
   
  
    116. 
Gamer HM, McNeill JT. Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal libri poenitentiales and selections from related documents. New York: Columbia University Press; 1990.
    
  
    117. 
Payer PJ. Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150 [Internet]. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1984. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5747846
   
  
    118. 
Brown PRL. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2002.
    
  
    119. 
McNeill J, Gamer HM. Penitentials of the Anglo-Saxon Church.   Section 1. The Penitential of Theodore. Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal libri poenitentiales and selections from related documents. New York: Columbia University Press; 1990. p. 179–215.
    
  
    120. 
McCarthy C. Love, sex and marriage in the Middle Ages: a sourcebook [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2004. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1517630
   
  
    121. 
Charles-Edwards T. ‘The Penitentials of Theodore and the Iudicia Theodorici’. Archbishop Theodore: commemorative studies on his life and influence [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. p. 141–174. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/archbishop-theodore/716A1DDACA713F16ECD5E28D8CAD4F9A
   
  
    122. 
Gamer HM, McNeill JT. Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal libri poenitentiales and selections from related documents. New York: Columbia University Press; 1990.
    
  
    123. 
Drew KF. ‘Laws’. The Lombard laws. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1973.
    
  
    124. 
Balzaretti R. "These are things that men do, not women”: the social regulation of female violence in Langobard Italy’. Violence and society in the early medieval West. Woodbridge: Boydell Press; 1998.
    
  
    125. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Masculine Authority and State Identity in Liutprandic Italy’. Die Langobarden: Herrschaft und Identität. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 2005. p. 363–384.
    
  
    126. 
Skinner PE. Lombard Life, 568-774. Women in Medieval Italian society 500-1200. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2001. p. 34–67.
    
  
    127. 
Loyn HR, Percival J. Capitularies. The reign of Charlemagne: documents on Carolingian government and administration. London: Edward Arnold; 1975.
    
  
    128. 
King PD. Charlemagne: translated sources. Lambrigg, Kendal, Cumbria: P.D. King; 1987.
    
  
    129. 
Dutton PE. Carolingian civilization: a reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press; 1993.
    
  
    130. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Sexual cultures in the early medieval West’. Indecent exposure: sexuality, society and the archaeological record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press; 2001. p. 147–161.
    
  
    131. 
Brown PRL. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2002.
    
  
    132. 
Collins R. Charlemagne. Basingstoke: Macmillan; 1998.
    
  
    133. 
Nelson JL. ‘Women at the Court of Charlemagne: a case of monstrous regiment?’ Medieval queenship [Internet]. Stroud: Alan Sutton; 1998. p. 43–62. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=6581208&ppg=51
   
  
    134. 
Story J. Charlemagne: empire and society. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2005.
    
  
    135. 
Emerton E, Noble TFX, Boniface. The letters of Saint Boniface. New York: Columbia University Press; 2000.
    
  
    136. 
Talbot CH, Boniface. The Anglo-Saxon missionaries in Germany: being the lives of SS. Willibrord, Boniface, Sturm, Leoba and Lebuin, together with the Hodeporicon of St. Willibald and a selection from the correspondence of St. Boniface. Pbk. ed. London: Sheed and Ward; 1981.
    
  
    137. 
Noble TFX, Head T. Soldiers of Christ: saints and saints lives from late antiquity and the early Middle Ages [Internet]. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5309544
   
  
    138. 
Cotter-Lynch M. ‘Re-reading Leoba, or Hagiography as Compromise’ [Internet]. Available from: http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1846&context=mff
   
  
    139. 
Fell C. ‘Some Implications of the Boniface Correspondence’. New readings on women in Old English literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1990. p. 29–43.
    
  
    140. 
Foot S. Veiled women. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2000.
    
  
    141. 
Hen Y. ‘"Miles Christi Utriusque Sexus”: Gender and the Politics of Conversion in the Circle of Boniface’. Revue bénédictine. [Maredsous, Belgique]: Abbaye de Maredsous; 1999;109:17–31.
    
  
    142. 
Hollis S. Anglo-Saxon women and the church: sharing a common fate. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 1992.
    
  
    143. 
Nelson J. ‘Women and the Word in the Earlier Middle Ages’. Women in the church: papers read at the 1989 Summer Meeting and the 1990 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: For the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell; 1990. p. 53–78.
    
  
    144. 
Palmer J. The ‘vigorous rule’ of Bishop Lull: between Bonifatian mission and Carolingian church control. Early Medieval Europe. 2005 July 5;13(3):249–276.
    
  
    145. 
Palmer JT. Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish world, 690-900. Turnhout: Brepols; 2009.
    
  
    146. 
Stuart Airlie. Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II. Past & Present [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998;(161):3–38. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/651071
   
  
    147. 
Coon LL, ebrary, Inc. Dark age bodies: gender and monastic practice in the early medieval West [Internet]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2011. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441644
   
  
    148. 
De Jong M. The penitential state: authority and atonement in the age of Louis the Pious, 814-840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
    
  
    149. 
Garver VL, ebrary, Inc. Women and aristocratic culture in the Carolingian world [Internet]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3138019
   
  
    150. 
Heidecker KJ. The divorce of Lothar II: Christian marriage and political power in the Carolingian world. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2010.
    
  
    151. 
MacLean S. Kingship and politics in the late ninth century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=218104
   
  
    152. 
Nelson J. ‘Parents, children and the Church in the earlier Middle Ages’. The church and childhood: papers read at the 1993 Summer Meeting and the 1994 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell; 1995.
    
  
    153. 
Nelson JL. Charles the Bald [Internet]. London: Longman; 1992. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1710696
   
  
    154. 
Stone R, MyiLibrary. Morality and masculinity in the Carolingian empire [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=807323
   
  
    155. 
Story J. Charlemagne: empire and society. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2005.
    
  
    156. 
Ward E. ‘Caesar’s Wife. The Career of the Empress Judith, 819-829’. Charlemagne’s heir: new perspectives on the reign of Louis the Pious (814-840). Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1990. p. 205–227.
    
  
    157. 
Kuefler M. The Boswell thesis: essays on Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2006.
    
  
    158. 
Internet History Sourcebooks Project [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/index-med.asp
   
  
    159. 
Internet History Sourcebooks Project [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/index-bos.asp
   
  
    160. 
Boswell J. Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century [Internet]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1980. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=432194
   
  
    161. 
Boswell J, MyiLibrary. Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century [Internet]. Chicago [Ill.]: University of Chicago Press; 1980. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=432194
   
  
    162. 
Frantzen AJ. Before the closet: same-sex love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1998.
    
  
    163. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others [Internet]. Abingdon: Routledge; 2005. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132
   
  
    164. 
Leyser C. ‘Cities of the Plain: the rhetoric of sodomy in Peter Damian’s Book of Gomorrah’. Romanic review. New York: Dept. of French and Romance Philology of Columbia University; 1995;86:191–211.
    
  
    165. 
Payer PJ. Appendix D, Homosexuality and the Penitentials. Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150 [Internet]. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1984. p. 135–139. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=5747846&ppg=148
   
  
    166. 
Wittig M. The straight mind and other essays. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf; 1992.
    
  
    167. 
Sandford S. Sexmat, revisited. Radical philosophy [Internet]. 2007;145:28–35. Available from: https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/sexmat-revisited
   
  
    168. 
Garton S. ‘Making Heterosexuality’. Histories of sexuality [Internet]. London: Equinox; 2004. p. 81–100. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1166397
   
  
    169. 
Review by: James A. Schultz. Heterosexuality as a Threat to Medieval Studies. Journal of the History of Sexuality [Internet]. University of Texas Press; 2006;15(1):14–29. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4617242
   
  
    170. 
Frantzen AJ. Before the closet: same-sex love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1998.
    
  
    171. 
Karras RM. Prostitution and the Question of Sexual Identity in Medieval Europe. Journal of Women’s History. 1999;11(2):159–177.
    
  
    172. 
Karras RM. Sexuality in medieval Europe: doing unto others [Internet]. Abingdon: Routledge; 2005. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132
   
  
    173. 
Mazo Karras R. ‘Knighthood, Compulsory Heterosexuality and Sodomy’. The Boswell thesis: essays on Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2006.
    
  
    174. 
Bristow J. Sexuality [Internet]. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge; 2011. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=667937
   
  
    175. 
Gamer HM, McNeill JT. Penitential. Medieval handbooks of penance: a translation of the principal libri poenitentiales and selections from related documents. New York: Columbia University Press; 1990. p. 295–314.
    
  
    176. 
de Jong M. ‘To the Limits of Kinship: anti-incest legislation in the early medieval West (500- 900)’. From Sappho to De Sade: moments in the history of sexuality. London: Routledge; 1989. p. 36–59.
    
  
    177. 
Peter R. McKeon. Archbishop Ebbo of Reims (816-835): A Study in the Carolingian Empire and Church. Church History [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 1974;43(4):437–447. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3164920
   
  
    178. 
Payer PJ. Sex and the penitentials: the development of a sexual code, 550-1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1984.
    
  
    179. 
Manchester Medieval Sources Online - Manchester University Press [Internet]. Available from: http://manchester.metapress.com/content/H6520V
   
  
    180. 
Dutton PE. Carolingian civilization: a reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press; 1993.
    
  
    181. 
Heidecker KJ. The divorce of Lothar II: Christian marriage and political power in the Carolingian world. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2010.
    
  
    182. 
Stone R, MyiLibrary. Morality and masculinity in the Carolingian empire [Internet]. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=807323
   
  
    183. 
Neel C, Dhuoda. Handbook for William: a Carolingian woman’s counsel for her son. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; 1991.
    
  
    184. 
Thiébaux M, Dhuoda. Dhuoda, Handbook for her warrior son: Liber manualis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998.
    
  
    185. 
Nelson J. ‘Parents, children and the Church in the earlier Middle Ages’. The church and childhood: papers read at the 1993 Summer Meeting and the 1994 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell; 1994.
    
  
    186. 
Nelson J. Dhuoda. Lay intellectuals in the Carolingian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
    
  
    187. 
Stevenson J. Women Latin poets: language, gender, and authority, from antiquity to the eighteenth century. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
    
  
    188. 
Hamilton S. Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds: Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-Century Italy - Viator - Volume 41, Number 2 / 2010 - Brepols Publishers [Internet]. Available from: http://www.metapress.com/content/u007w77t00218141/
   
  
    189. 
Reid PLD, Ratherius. The complete works of Rather of Verona. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies; 1991.
    
  
    190. 
Fichtenau H. Living in the tenth century: mentalities and social orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1991.
    
  
    191. 
Miller MC. The formation of a medieval church: ecclesiastical change in Verona, 950-1150. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 1993.
    
  
    192. 
Norwich JJ, Liudprand. The embassy to Constantinople and other writings. London: Dent; 1993.
    
  
    193. 
Squatriti P, Liudprand. The complete works of Liudprand of Cremona. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press; 2007.
    
  
    194. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy’. Masculinity in medieval Europe. London: Longman; 1999. p. 143–159.
    
  
    195. 
Balzaretti R. ‘Liutprand of Cremona’s Sense of Humour’. Humour, history and politics in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 114–128. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=202231
   
  
    196. 
The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, trans. Paolo Squatriti (2007) - Nottingham Medieval Studies - Volume 52, Volume 52 / 2008 - Brepols Publishers [Internet]. Available from: http://www.metapress.com/content/d733562825073730/
   
  
    197. 
Buc P. The dangers of ritual: between early medieval texts and social scientific theory. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2001.
    
  
    198. 
Fichtenau H. Living in the tenth century: mentalities and social orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1991.
    
  
    199. 
Leyser K. Rule and conflict in an early medieval society: Ottonian Saxony. London: Edward Arnold; 1979.
    
  
    200. 
Leyser K, Reuter T. Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Carolingian and Ottonian centuries. London: Hambledon Press; 1994.
    
  
    201. 
Wilson KM. Pelagius. Medieval women writers. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1984. p. 114–124.
    
  
    202. 
Wilson KM, Hrotsvitha. The plays of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim. New York: Garland; 1989.
    
  
    203. 
Wilson KM, Hrotsvitha. Dulcitus. The plays of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim. New York: Garland; 1989.
    
  
    204. 
Bonfante L, Hrotsvitha. The plays of Hrotswitha of Gandersheim. Oak Park, Ill: Bolchazy-Carducci; 1986.
    
  
    205. 
Dronke P. Women writers of the Middle Ages: a critical study of texts from Perpetua [d.] 203 to Marguerite Porete [d.] 1310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1984.
    
  
    206. 
Fichtenau H. Living in the tenth century: mentalities and social orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1991.
    
  
    207. 
Leyser K. Rule and conflict in an early medieval society: Ottonian Saxony. London: Edward Arnold; 1979.
    
  
    208. 
Noble TFX, Head T. Soldiers of Christ: saints and saints lives from late antiquity and the early Middle Ages. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1995.
    
  
    209. 
Baker D. ‘The Whole World a Hermitage: ascetic renewal and the crisis of Western Monasticism’. The Culture of Christendom: essays in medieval history in in commemoration of Denis LT Bethell. London: Hambledon Press; 1993.
    
  
    210. 
Constable G. ‘Cluny in the monastic world of the tenth century’. Il secolo di ferro: mito e realtà del secolo X. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi Sull ’Alto Medioevo; 1991;Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo:371–438.
    
  
    211. 
Frassetto M. Medieval purity and piety: essays on medieval clerical celibacy and religious reform. New York: Garland; 1998.
    
  
    212. 
Christopher A. Jones. Monastic Identity and Sodomitic Danger in the ‘Occupatio’ by Odo of Cluny. Speculum [Internet]. Medieval Academy of America; 2007;82(1):1–53. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20464015
   
  
    213. 
Nelson J. 'Monks, Secular Men and Masculinity, c.900’. Masculinity in medieval Europe. London: Longman; 1999. p. 121–143.
    
  
    214. 
Noble TFX. ‘Secular sanctity’. Lay intellectuals in the Carolingian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
    
  
    215. 
Still J. What Foucault fails to acknowledge …: feminists and The history of sexuality. 1994.
    
  
    216. 
Leyser C. Long-haired kings and short-haired nuns. 1992.