Bibliography for V12260: Sexuality in Early Medieval Europe BETA

Amos, T L. ‘“Monks and Pastoral Care in the Early Middle Ages”’. Religion, Culture, and Society in the Early Middle Ages: Studies in Honor of Richard E. Sullivan. Studies in medieval culture. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1987. 165–180. Print.

Amt, Emilie. Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook. New York: Routledge, 1993. Print.

Arjava, A. ‘Sexual Relations Outside Marriage’. Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. 193–229. Print.

Arjava, Antti. Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Print.

---. Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Print.

Bailey, Lisa Kaaren. ‘“These Are Not Men”: Sex and Drink in the Sermons of Caesarius of Arles’. Journal of Early Christian Studies 15.1 (2007): 23–43. Web.

Baker, D. ‘“The Whole World a Hermitage: Ascetic Renewal and the Crisis of Western Monasticism”’. The Culture of Christendom: Essays in Medieval History in in Commemoration of Denis L.T. Bethell. London: Hambledon Press, 1993. Print.

Balzaretti, R. ‘Chapter 5, “Liutprand of Cremona’s Sense of Humour”’. Humour, History and Politics in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 114–128. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=202231&amp;ppg=130>.

---. ‘“Fatherhood in Late Lombard Italy”’. Gender and Historiography: Studies in the Earlier Middle Ages in Honour of Pauline Stafford. London: Institute of Historical Research, 2012. 9–20. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv5139fw>.

---. ‘“Liutprand of Cremona’s Sense of Humour”’. Humour, History and Politics in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 114–128. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=202231>.

---. ‘“Masculine Authority and State Identity in Liutprandic Italy”’. Die Langobarden: Herrschaft Und Identität. Denkschriften, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Denkschriften. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005. 363–384. Print.

---. ‘“Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy”’. Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Women and men in history. London: Longman, 1999. 143–159. Print.

---. ‘“Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy”’. Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Women and men in history. London: Longman, 1999. 143–159. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4186304>.

---. ‘“Men and Sex in Tenth Century Italy”’. Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Women and men in history. London: Longman, 1999. 143–159. Print.

---. ‘“Sexual Cultures in the Early Medieval West”’. Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press, 2001. 147–161. Print.

Balzaretti, R. ‘Theodelinda, “Most Glorious Queen”: Gender and Power in Lombard Italy’. The Medieval History Journal 2.2 (1999): 183–207. Web.

Balzaretti, R. ‘"These Are Things That Men Do, Not Women”: The Social Regulation of Female Violence in Langobard Italy’’. Violence and Society in the Early Medieval West. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1998. Print.

Balzaretti, Ross. ‘Sexuality in Late Lombard Italy, c.700-c.800 AD’. Medieval Sexuality: A Casebook. Routledge medieval casebooks. New York: Routledge, 2008. 9–20. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=325055&ppg=18>.

Bennett, Judith M., and Ruth Mazo Karras. The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Web. <https://academic.oup.com/book/doi/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001>.

Bentley, M. ‘“Family, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages”’. Companion to Historiography. Routledge world reference. London: Routledge, 1997. Print.

‘“Between the Lines: Queer Theory, the History of Homosexuality and Anglo-Saxon Penitentials”’. The journal of medieval and early modern studies 26 (1996): n. pag. Print.

Bishop, J. ‘“Bishops as Marital Advisers in the Ninth Century”’. Women of the Medieval World: Essays in Honor of John H. Mundy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985. 53–84. Print.

Bliss, James and Gregory. Morals on the Book of Job. Library of fathers of the Holy Catholic Church. Oxford: John Henry Parker, 1844. Print.

Bonfante, Larissa and Hrotsvitha. The Plays of Hrotswitha of Gandersheim. Oak Park, Ill: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1986. Print.

Boswell, J. ‘“Revolutions, Universals and Sexual Categories”’. Hidden from History. London: Penguin Books, 1991. 17–36. Print.

Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=432194>.

Boswell, John and MyiLibrary. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago [Ill.]: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=432194>.

Bristow, Joseph. Sexuality. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=667937>.

Brown, P. ‘“East and West. The New Marital Morality”’. A History of Private Life. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987. 297–311. Print.

Brown, Peter, and Robert Lamont. ‘Sexuality and Society : Augustine’. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. Twentieth anniversary ed. with a new introduction. Columbia classics in religion. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. 387–427. Print.

Brown, Peter Robert Lamont. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 10th anniversary rev. ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1118492>.

---. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Making of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. Print.

---. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Making of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. Print.

---. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200-1000. 2nd ed. Making of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. Print.

Brozyna, Martha A. Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages: A Medieval Source Documents Reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2005. Print.

---. Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages: A Medieval Source Documents Reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2005. Print.

---. Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages: A Medieval Source Documents Reader. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2005. Print.

Brundage, J A. ‘“Sin, Crime and the Pleasures of the Flesh”’. The Medieval World. London: Routledge, 2001. 294–307. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881>.

Buc, Philippe. The Dangers of Ritual: Between Early Medieval Texts and Social Scientific Theory. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001. Print.

Chadwick, Henry and Oxford University Press. The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great. Oxford history of the Christian Church. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Web. <https://academic.oup.com/book/doi/10.1093/0199246955.001.0001>.

Charles-Edwards, T. ‘‘The Penitentials of Theodore and the Iudicia Theodorici’’. Archbishop Theodore: Commemorative Studies on His Life and Influence. Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 141–174. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/archbishop-theodore/716A1DDACA713F16ECD5E28D8CAD4F9A>.

Christopher A. Jones. ‘Monastic Identity and Sodomitic Danger in the “Occupatio” by Odo of Cluny’. Speculum 82.1 (2007): 1–53. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20464015>.

Clanchy, Michael. ‘“Medieval Mentalities and Primitive Legal Practice”’. Law, Laity and Solidarities: Essays in Honour of Susan Reynolds. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001. 83–94. Web. <https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526148285/9781526148285.00009.xml?chapterBody=pdf>.

Collins, R. ‘Chapter 27, VIII Question’. The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle ; Bede’s Letter to Egbert. World’s classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 47–52. Print.

Collins, Roger. Charlemagne. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998. Print.

Constable, G. ‘“Cluny in the Monastic World of the Tenth Century”’. Il secolo di ferro: mito e realtà del secolo X. Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo (1991): 371–438. Print.

Coon, Lynda L. and ebrary, Inc. Dark Age Bodies: Gender and Monastic Practice in the Early Medieval West. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441644>.

Cooper, Kate. ‘The Gender of Grace: Impotence, Servitude, and Manliness in the Fifth-Century West’. Gender and History 551.3 (1AD): n. pag. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00199/abstract>.

Cotter-Lynch, M. ‘“Re-Reading Leoba, or Hagiography as Compromise”’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1846&context=mff>.

Cubitt, C. ‘“Virginity and Misogyny in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century England”’. Gender and History 12.1 (2000): 1–32. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00170/abstract>.

David Brakke. ‘Ethiopian Demons: Male Sexuality, the Black-Skinned Other, and the Monastic Self’. Journal of the History of Sexuality 10.3 (2001): 501–535. Web. <https://www-jstor-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/stable/3704758?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Davis, Henry and Gregory. Pastoral Care. Ancient Christian writers. Westminster, Md: Newman Press, 1950. Print.

de Jong, M. ‘“To the Limits of Kinship: Anti-Incest Legislation in the Early Medieval West (500- 900)”’. From Sappho to De Sade: Moments in the History of Sexuality. London: Routledge, 1989. 36–59. Print.

De Jong, Mayke. The Penitential State: Authority and Atonement in the Age of Louis the Pious, 814-840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.

Drew, Katherine Fischer. ‘“Laws”’. The Lombard Laws. Sources of medieval history. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. Print.

Dronke, Peter. Women Writers of the Middle Ages: A Critical Study of Texts from Perpetua [d.] 203 to Marguerite Porete [d.] 1310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Print.

Dutton, Paul Edward. Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 1993. Print.

---. Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 1993. Print.

---. Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 1993. Print.

Dyas, Dee, and Esther Hughes. The Bible in Western Culture: The Student’s Guide. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.

Elliott, D. ‘“Pollution, Illusion and Masculine Discovery: Nocturnal Emissions and the Sexuality of the Clergy”’. Constructing Medieval Sexuality. Medieval cultures. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 1–23. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=310411>.

Emerton, Ephraim, Thomas F. X. Noble, and Boniface. The Letters of Saint Boniface. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Print.

Fell, C. ‘“Some Implications of the Boniface Correspondence”’. New Readings on Women in Old English Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. 29–43. Print.

Fichtenau, Heinrich. Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Print.

---. Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Print.

---. Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Print.

Flint, Valerie I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993. Print.

Foot, Sarah. Veiled Women. Studies in early medieval Britain. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000. Print.

Foucault, M. ‘“The Battle for Chastity”’. Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present Times. Family, sexuality and social relations in past times. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985. 14–25. Print.

Frantzen, Allen J. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Print.

---. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Print.

---. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Print.

---. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Print.

Frassetto, Michael. Medieval Purity and Piety: Essays on Medieval Clerical Celibacy and Religious Reform. Garland reference library of the humanities. New York: Garland, 1998. Print.

Gamer, Helena M., and John T. McNeill. Medieval Handbooks of Penance: A Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections from Related Documents. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Print.

---. Medieval Handbooks of Penance: A Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections from Related Documents. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Print.

---. ‘Penitential.’ Medieval Handbooks of Penance: A Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections from Related Documents. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. 295–314. Print.

Gameson, Richard. St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. Print.

Garton, Stephen. Histories of Sexuality. London: Equinox, 2004. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1166397>.

---. ‘“Making Heterosexuality”’. Histories of Sexuality. Critical histories of subjectivity and culture. London: Equinox, 2004. 81–100. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1166397>.

Garver, Valerie L. and ebrary, Inc. Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3138019>.

‘Gender and the End of Empire’. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34.1 (2004): 17–39. Web. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_medieval_and_early_modern_studies/v034/34.1halsall.html>.

Hadley, D M. ‘'Fear and Fantasy: Sexuality and Medieval Societies’’. Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press, 2001. 179–200. Print.

Halsall, G. ‘“Material Culture, Sex, Gender and Transgression in Sixth-Century Gaul: Some Reflections in the Light of Recent Archaeological Debate”’. Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press, 2001. 130–146. Print.

---. ‘“Material Culture, Sex, Gender and Transgression in Sixth-Century Gaul: Some Reflections in the Light of Recent Archaeological Debate”’. Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record. Glasgow: Cruithne Press, 2001. 130–146. Print.

Halsall, Guy and ebrary, Inc. Cemeteries and Society in Merovingian Gaul: Selected Studies in History and Archaeology, 1992-2009. Brill’s series on the early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=635020>.

Hamilton, S. ‘“The Unique Flavour of Penance: The Church and the People, c.800-c.1100”’. The Medieval World. London: Routledge, 2001. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881>.

Hamilton, Sarah. ‘Inquiring into Adultery and Other Wicked Deeds: Episcopal Justice in Tenth- and Early Eleventh-Century Italy - Viator - Volume 41, Number 2 / 2010 - Brepols Publishers’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.metapress.com/content/u007w77t00218141/>.

Harper, April, and Caroline Proctor. Medieval Sexuality: A Casebook. Routledge medieval casebooks. New York: Routledge, 2008. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=325055>.

Heidecker, Karl Josef. The Divorce of Lothar II: Christian Marriage and Political Power in the Carolingian World. Conjunctions of religion and power in the medieval past. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010. Print.

---. The Divorce of Lothar II: Christian Marriage and Political Power in the Carolingian World. Conjunctions of religion and power in the medieval past. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010. Print.

Heinzelmann, Martin. Gregory of Tours: History and Society in the Sixth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print.

Hekma, Gert. ‘“A History of Sexology: Social and Historical Aspects of Sexuality”’. From Sappho to De Sade: Moments in the History of Sexuality. London: Routledge, 1989. 173–193. Print.

Hen, Y. ‘‘"Miles Christi Utriusque Sexus”: Gender and the Politics of Conversion in the Circle of Boniface’’. Revue bénédictine 109 (1999): 17–31. Print.

Hochstetler, D. ‘“The Meaning of Monastic Cloister for Women According to Caesarius of Arles”’. Religion, Culture, and Society in the Early Middle Ages: Studies in Honor of Richard E. Sullivan. Studies in medieval culture. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1987. 27–40. Print.

Hollis, Stephanie. Anglo-Saxon Women and the Church: Sharing a Common Fate. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1992. Print.

‘Internet History Sourcebooks Project’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/index-med.asp>.

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‘Internet Medieval Sourcebooks’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.asp>.

John M. Riddle. ‘Oral Contraceptives and Early-Term Abortifacients during Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages’. Past & Present 132 (1991): 3–32. Web. <https://www-jstor-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/stable/650819?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Karras, Ruth Mazo. ‘Prostitution and the Question of Sexual Identity in Medieval Europe’. Journal of Women’s History 11.2 (1999): 159–177. Web.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005. Print.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132>.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132>.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132>.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132>.

---. Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing unto Others. Abingdon: Routledge, 2005. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4790132>.

Karras, Ruth Mazo and MyiLibrary. Unmarriages: Women, Men, and Sexual Unions in the Middle Ages. 1st ed. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia [Pa.]: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441935>.

King, P. D. Charlemagne: Translated Sources. Lambrigg, Kendal, Cumbria: P.D. King, 1987. Print.

Klingshirn, W E. ‘“Caesarius” Monastery for Women in Arles and the Composition and Function of the “Vita  Caesarii”’. Revue bénédictine 100 (1990): 441–481. Print.

Klingshirn, William E. Caesarius of Arles: The Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul. Cambridge studies in Medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print.

Klingshirn, William E. and Caesarius. Caesarius of Arles: Life, Testament, Letters. Translated texts for historians. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994. Web. <https://nottingham.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9780853233688>.

Kuefler, Mathew. The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

Leyser, C. ‘“Cities of the Plain: The Rhetoric of Sodomy in Peter Damian’s Book of Gomorrah”’. Romanic review 86 (1995): 191–211. Print.

---. ‘“Cities of the Plain: The Rhetoric of Sodomy in Peter Damian’s Book of Gomorrah”’. Romanic review 86 (1995): 191–211. Print.

---. ‘“Masculinity in Flux: Nocturnal Emission and the Limits of Celibacy in the Early Middle Ages”’. Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Women and men in history. London: Longman, 1999. 103–120. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=4186304>.

Leyser, Conrad. Authority and Asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great. Oxford historical monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000. Print.

---. ‘Long-Haired Kings and Short-Haired Nuns’. 1992 : n. pag. Print.

Leyser, Karl. Rule and Conflict in an Early Medieval Society: Ottonian Saxony. London: Edward Arnold, 1979. Print.

---. Rule and Conflict in an Early Medieval Society: Ottonian Saxony. London: Edward Arnold, 1979. Print.

Leyser, Karl, and Timothy Reuter. Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries. London: Hambledon Press, 1994. Print.

Lifshitz, F. ‘Beyond Positivism and Genre: “Hagiographical” Texts as Historical Narrative - Viator - Volume 25, Volume 25 / 1994 - Brepols Publishers’. (1994): 95–113. Web. <http://www.metapress.com/content/j6lmp6254624503g/>.

Lochrie, Karma et al. Constructing Medieval Sexuality. Medieval cultures. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=310411>.

Loyn, H. R., and John Percival. ‘Capitularies’. The Reign of Charlemagne: Documents on Carolingian Government and Administration. Documents of medieval history. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. Print.

MacLean, Simon. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge studies in Medieval life and thought. Fourth series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=218104>.

‘Manchester Medieval Sources Online - Manchester University Press’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://manchester.metapress.com/content/H6520V>.

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Markus, R. A. Gregory the Great and His World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Print.

---. The End of Ancient Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print.

Markus, R.A. ‘Augustine : A Defence of Christian Mediocrity’. The End of Ancient Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 45–62. Print.

Martínez Pizarro, Joaquín. Writing Ravenna: The Liber Pontificalis of Andreas Agnellus. Recentiores. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Print.

Mazo Karras, R. ‘“Knighthood, Compulsory Heterosexuality and Sodomy”’. The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

---. ‘“Sexuality in the Middle Ages”’. The Medieval World. London: Routledge, 2001. 279–293. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881>.

---. ‘“Sexuality in the Middle Ages”’. The Medieval World. London: Routledge, 2001. 279–293. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881>.

McCarthy, Conor. Love, Sex and Marriage in the Middle Ages: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 2004. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1517630>.

---. Love, Sex and Marriage in the Middle Ages: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 2004. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1517630>.

McClure, Judith, Roger Collins, and Bede. The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle ; Bede’s Letter to Egbert. World’s classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1900623>.

McKitterick, R. ‘“Introduction: Sources and Interpretation”’. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print.

McKitterick, Rosamond et al. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/EBDBC366EDD4D89D60BDBA7EBDB9EFDE>.

---. ‘“The Sources and Their Interpretation”’. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print.

McNamara, Jo Ann, John E. Halborg, and E. Gordon Whatley. Sainted Women of the Dark Ages. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992. Print.

McNeill, J, and H. M Gamer. ‘Penitentials of the Anglo-Saxon Church.  Section 1. The Penitential of Theodore’. Medieval Handbooks of Penance: A Translation of the Principal Libri Poenitentiales and Selections from Related Documents. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. 179–215. Print.

Meens, R. ‘“Questioning Ritual Purity: The Influence of Gregory the Great’s Answers to Augustine’s Queries about Childbirth, Menstruation and Sexuality”’. St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. 174–186. Print.

---. ‘Ritual Purity and the Influence of Gregory the Great in the Early Middle Ages’. Unity and diversity in the church: papers read at the 1994 Summer Meeting and the 1995 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society 1996 : n. pag. Print.

---. ‘“Ritual Purity and the Influence of Gregory the Great in the Early Middle Ages”’. Studies in medieval culture 32 (1993): n. pag. Print.

Miller, Maureen C. The Formation of a Medieval Church: Ecclesiastical Change in Verona, 950-1150. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993. Print.

Moore, R.I. ‘Sex and the Social Order’. The First European Revolution, c. 970-1215. Making of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000. 65–111. Print.

Mueller, Mary Magdeleine, Caesarius, and ebrary, Inc. Sermons: Volume 1 (1-80). The fathers of the church : a new translation. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, in association with Consortium Books, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3134799>.

Murray, J. ‘“Historicizing Sex, Sexualizing History”’. Writing Medieval History. Writing history. London: Hodder Arnold, 2005. 133–152. Print.

---. ‘“Historicizing Sex, Sexualizing History”’. Writing Medieval History. Writing history. London: Hodder Arnold, 2005. 133–152. Print.

Nancy F. Partner. ‘No Sex, No Gender’. Speculum 68.2 (1993): 419–443. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2864559?origin=crossref>.

---. ‘No Sex, No Gender’. Speculum 68.2 (1993): 419–443. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2864559>.

---. ‘No Sex, No Gender’. Speculum 68.2 (1993): 419–443. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2864559>.

Neel, Carol and Dhuoda. Handbook for William: A Carolingian Woman’s Counsel for Her Son. Regents studies in medieval culture. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991. Print.

Nelson, J. ‘“Parents, Children and the Church in the Earlier Middle Ages”’. The Church and Childhood: Papers Read at the 1993 Summer Meeting and the 1994 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Studies in church history. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell, 1995. Print.

---. ‘“Women and the Word in the Earlier Middle Ages”’. Women in the Church: Papers Read at the 1989 Summer Meeting and the 1990 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Studies in church history. Oxford: For the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell, 1990. 53–78. Print.

Nelson, J L. ‘“Family, Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages”’. Companion to Historiography. Routledge world reference. London: Routledge, 1997. Print.

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---. ‘“Parents, Children and the Church in the Earlier Middle Ages”’. The Church and Childhood: Papers Read at the 1993 Summer Meeting and the 1994 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Studies in church history. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell, 1994. Print.

---. ‘“Queens as Jezebels”’. Medieval Women. Studies in church history. Oxford: Blackwell, for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1978. Print.

---. ‘“Women at the Court of Charlemagne: A Case of Monstrous Regiment?”’ Medieval Queenship. Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1998. 43–62. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=6581208&amp;ppg=51>.

Nelson, Janet. ‘Dhuoda’. Lay Intellectuals in the Carolingian World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

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Nelson, Janet L. Charles the Bald. Medieval world. London: Longman, 1992. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1710696>.

Noble, T F X. ‘“Secular Sanctity”’. Lay Intellectuals in the Carolingian World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

Noble, Thomas F. X., and Thomas Head. Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5309544>.

---. Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. Print.

Norwich, John Julius and Liudprand. The Embassy to Constantinople and Other Writings. Everyman’s library. London: Dent, 1993. Print.

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---. Sex and the Penitentials: The Development of a Sexual Code, 550-1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. Print.

Payer, P.J. ‘Appendix D, Homosexuality and the Penitentials’. Sex and the Penitentials: The Development of a Sexual Code, 550-1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. 135–139. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=5747846&amp;ppg=148>.

Peter R. McKeon. ‘Archbishop Ebbo of Reims (816-835): A Study in the Carolingian Empire and Church’. Church History 43.4 (1974): 437–447. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3164920>.

Peters, Edward, William Dudley Foulke, and Paul. History of the Lombards. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3441503>.

Reid, Peter L. D. and Ratherius. The Complete Works of Rather of Verona. Medieval&Renaissance Texts&Studies. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1991. Print.

Review by: James A. Schultz. ‘Heterosexuality as a Threat to Medieval Studies’. Journal of the History of Sexuality 15.1 (2006): 14–29. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4617242>.

Reynolds, Susan. ‘“Medieval Law”’. The Medieval World. London: Routledge, 2001. 485–502. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5259881>.

Sandford, Stella. ‘Sexmat, Revisited’. Radical philosophy 145 (2007): 28–35. Web. <https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/sexmat-revisited>.

Schulenberg, J T. ‘“Saints and Sex, ca. 500-1000”’. Medieval Sexuality: A Research Guide. Garland reference library of social science. New York: Garland, 1990. 203–231. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=5638893>.

Shanzer, D. ‘“History, Romance, Love, and Sex in Gregory of Tours” Decem Libri Historiarum’’. The World of Gregory of Tours. Cultures, beliefs, and traditions : medieval and early modern peoples. Leiden: Brill, 2002. 395–418. Print.

Sheehan, M. ‘“Sexuality, Marriage, Celibacy, and the Family in Central and Northern Italy: Christian Legal and Moral Guides in the Early Middle Ages”’. The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. 168–183. Print.

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Smith, J.M.H. ‘Men and Women’. Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History, 500-1000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 115–147. Print.

Squatriti, Paolo and Liudprand. The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona. Medieval texts in translation. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2007. Print.

Stafford, Pauline. Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. Print.

Stevenson, Jane. Women Latin Poets: Language, Gender, and Authority, from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.

Still, Judith. ‘What Foucault Fails to Acknowledge …: Feminists and The History of Sexuality’. 1994 : n. pag. Print.

Stone, Rachel and MyiLibrary. Morality and Masculinity in the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Fourth series. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=807323>.

---. Morality and Masculinity in the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Fourth series. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=807323>.

Story, Joanna. Charlemagne: Empire and Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005. Print.

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Stuart Airlie. ‘Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II’. Past & Present 161 (1998): 3–38. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/651071?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=%27Private%20bodies%20and%20the%20body%20politic%20in%20the%20divorce%20case%20of%20Lothar%20II%27&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2527Private%2Bbodies%2Band%2Bthe%2Bbody%2Bpolitic%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bdivorce%2Bcase%2Bof%2BLothar%2BII%2527%26amp%3Bprq%3Dsn%253A00312746%2BAND%2Byear%253A1998%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bwc%3Doff%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bso%3Drel>.

---. ‘Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II’. Past & Present 161 (1998): 3–38. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/651071>.

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Swanson, R. N. and Ecclesiastical History Society. Gender and Christian Religion: Papers Read at the 1996 Summer Meeting and the 1997 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Studies in church history. Woodbridge, Va: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press, 1998. Print.

Talbot, C. H. and Boniface. The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany: Being the Lives of SS. Willibrord, Boniface, Sturm, Leoba and Lebuin, Together with the Hodeporicon of St. Willibald and a Selection from the Correspondence of St. Boniface. Pbk. ed. Spiritual masters. London: Sheed and Ward, 1981. Print.

‘The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, Trans. Paolo Squatriti (2007) - Nottingham Medieval Studies - Volume 52, Volume 52 / 2008 - Brepols Publishers’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.metapress.com/content/d733562825073730/>.

Thiébaux, Marcelle and Dhuoda. Dhuoda, Handbook for Her Warrior Son: Liber Manualis. Cambridge medieval classics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print.

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‘To the Limits of Kinship’. From Sappho to De Sade: Moments in the History of Sexuality. Routledge revivals. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014. 36–59. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/reader.action?docID=1721043&ppg=49>.

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People: A Historical Commentary. Oxford medieval texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Print.

Ward, E. ‘“Caesar’s Wife. The Career of the Empress Judith, 819-829”’. Charlemagne’s Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814-840). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. 205–227. Print.

Wilson, Katharina M. ‘Pelagius’. Medieval Women Writers. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. 114–124. Print.

Wilson, Katharina M. and Hrotsvitha. ‘Dulcitus’. The Plays of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim. Garland library of medieval literature. Series B. New York: Garland, 1989. Print.

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Wittig, Monique. The Straight Mind and Other Essays. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992. Print.

Wood, I. The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450-751. London: Longman, 1994. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=1717665>.

Wood, Ian. ‘Incest, Law and the Bible in Sixth-Century Gaul’. Early Medieval Europe 7.3 (2003): 291–303. Web.

Zimmerman, Odo John, Gregory, and ebrary, Inc. Dialogues. The Fathers of the church, a new translation. New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc, 1959. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3134868>.