1.
Gelsthorpe, L. & Kemp, V. Juvenile Justice: England and Wales. in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends (CRC Press, 2015).
2.
Goldson, B. & Muncie, J. Youth crime & justice. (SAGE, 2015).
3.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
4.
Maguire, M., Morgan, R. & Reiner, R. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. (Oxford University Press, 2012).
5.
Arthur, R. Young offenders and the law: how the law responds to youth offending. (Routledge, 2010).
6.
Gelsthorpe, L. & Kemp, V. Juvenile Justice: England and Wales. in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends (CRC Press, 2015).
7.
Hendrick, H. Histories of Youth Crime and Youth Justice. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
8.
Muncie, J. Youth and Crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
9.
Bottoms, A. On the Decriminalisation of the English Juvenile Court. in Crime, criminology and public policy: essays in honour of Sir Leon Radzinowicz (Heinemann Educational, 1974).
10.
Brown, S. Understanding Youth and Crime. (McGraw-Hill Education, 2005).
11.
Cohen, S. Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the mods and rockers. vol. Routledge classics (Routledge, 2011).
12.
Fionda, J. Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. (Hart, 2005).
13.
Garland, D. The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society. (Oxford University Press, 2001).
14.
Gelsthorpe, L. & Morris, A. Juvenile Justice 1945-1992. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Clarendon Press, 1994).
15.
Hendrick, H. Constructions and Reconstructions of British childhood: an Interpretative Survey, 1800 to the Present. in Constructing and reconstructing childhood: contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood (RoutledgeFalmer, 1997).
16.
Kirton, D. Young People and Crime. in Criminology (Oxford University Press, 2013).
17.
Magery, S. The Invention of Juvenile Delinquency in Early Nineteenth-Century England. in Youth justice: critical readings (SAGE in association with the Open University, 2002).
18.
McGuire, J. What works: reducing reoffending : guidelines from research and practice. vol. Wiley series in offender rehabilitation (John Wiley & Sons, 1995).
19.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
20.
Muncie, J., Hughes, G., McLaughlin, E., & Open University. Youth justice: critical readings. (SAGE in association with the Open University, 2002).
21.
Pearson, G. Hooligan: a history of respectable fears. (Macmillan, 1983).
22.
Pearson, G. Youth, Crime and Society. in The Oxford handbook of criminology 1163–1175 (Clarendon Press, 1994).
23.
Platt, A. M. The child savers: the invention of delinquency. (University of Chicago Press, 1969).
24.
Rutter, M., Giller, H. & Hagell, A. Antisocial behavior by young people. (Cambridge University Press, 1998).
25.
Smith, R. S. Youth justice: ideas, policy, practice. (Routledge, 2014).
26.
Feilzer, M. & Hood, R. Differences or Discrimination? The Summary of the Report on Minority Ethnic Young People in the Youth Justice System. (2004).
27.
D. Lammy (2016) My Review of BAME Representation in the Criminal Justice System – Speech. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/my-review-of-bame-representation-in-the-criminal-justice-.
28.
May, T., Gyateng, T. & Hough, M. Differential Treatment in the Youth Justice System.
29.
Kjartan Páll Sveinsson, K. P. Criminal Justice v. Racial Justice.
30.
Bowling, Ben & Phillips, C. Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search. Modern Law Review 70, (2007).
31.
Equality and Human Rights Commission. Race Disproportionality in Stops and Searches under Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. (2012).
32.
Equality and Human Rights Commission. Stop and Think: A Critical Review of the Use of Stop and Search Powers in England and Wales. (2010).
33.
Fitzgerald, M. Race, Ethnicity and Crime. in Criminology (Oxford University Press, 2013).
34.
Gilroy, P. The Myth of Black Criminality. in Law, order and the authoritarian state: readings in critical criminology (Open University Press, 1987).
35.
Hall, S. Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order. vol. Critical social studies (Macmillan, 1978).
36.
Hood, R., Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality, & University of Oxford. Centre for Criminological Research. Race and sentencing. (Clarendon Press, 1992).
37.
Macpherson, W., Cook, T., Sentamu, J., Stone, R., & Great Britain. Home Office. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry. vol. Cm (Stationery Office, 1999).
38.
Ministry of Justice. Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2014. (2015).
39.
Phillips, C. & Bowling, B. Ethnicities, Racism, Crime, and Criminal Justice. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
40.
Phillips, C., Brown, D. C., & Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Statistics Directorate. Entry into the criminal justice system: a survey of police arrests and their outcomes. vol. Home Office research study (Home Office, 1998).
41.
Rollock, N. The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry 10 Years On.
42.
Solomos, J. Race and racism in Britain. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
43.
Webster, C. Race, Youth Crime and Youth Justice. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
44.
Webster, C. & ebrary, Inc. Understanding race and crime. vol. Crime and justice (Open University Press, 2007).
45.
Clinks website. http://www.clinks.org/.
46.
Burnett, R. & Appleton, C. Joined-Up Services to Tackle Youth Crime: A Case-Study in England. British Journal of Criminology 44, 34–54 (2004).
47.
Haines, K. & Case, S. Is the Scaled Approach a Failed Approach? Youth Justice 12, 212–228 (2012).
48.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
49.
Smith, R. S. Youth justice: ideas, policy, practice. (Routledge, 2013).
50.
Audit Commission. Briefing: Misspent Youth ’98. (1998).
51.
Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service in England and Wales. Misspent youth: young people and crime. vol. National report / Audit Commission (The Commission, 1996).
52.
Ian Brownlee. New Labour: New Penology? Punitive Rhetoric and the Limits of Managerialism in Criminal Justice Policy. Journal of Law and Society 25, 313–335 (1998).
53.
Case, S. & Haines, K. Risk Management and Early Intervention: A Critical Analysis. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
54.
Clarke, J., Newman, J., & ebrary, Inc. The managerial state: power, politics and ideology in the remaking of social welfare. (SAGE Publications, 1997).
55.
Feeley, M. & Simon, J. Actuarial Justice: The Emerging New Criminal Law. in The futures of criminology (Sage, 1994).
56.
Great Britain. Home Office & Home Office. No more excuses: a new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales. vol. Cm (1997).
57.
Kemp, V. PACE, performance targets and legal protections. Criminal Law Review (2014).
58.
Kemp, V., Sorsby, A., Liddle, M. & Merrington, S. Assessing_Responses_to_Youth_Offending_in_Northamptonshire. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.597.248&rep=rep1&type=pdf (2002).
59.
MCLAUGHLIN, E., MUNCIE, J. & HUGHES, G. The Permanent Revolution:: New Labour, New Public Management and the Modernization of Criminal Justice. Criminology and Criminal Justice 1, 301–318 (2001).
60.
Ministry of Justice & Youth Justice Board. Modern Youth Offending Partnerships. (2013).
61.
Muncie, J. Institutionalized intolerance: youth justice and the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. Critical Social Policy 19, 147–175 (1999).
62.
JOHN PRATT. CORPORATISM: THE THIRD MODEL OF JUVENILE JUSTICE. British Journal of Criminology 29, 236–254 (1989).
63.
Raine, J. W. & Willson, M. J. Beyond Managerialism in Criminal Justice. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 36, 80–95 (1997).
64.
Youth Justice Board. Sustaining the Success: Extending the Guidance - Establishing Youth Offending Teams. (2004).
65.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
66.
Prison: The Facts. (2014).
67.
Bateman, T. Trends in Detected Youth Crime and Contemporary State Responses. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
68.
Maguire, M. Criminal Statistics and the Construction of Crime. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
69.
Bateman, T. Who Pulled the Plug? Towards an Explanation of the Fall in Child Imprisonment in England and Wales. Youth Justice 12, 36–52 (2012).
70.
Bottomley, A. K., Pease, K., & Open University. Crime and punishment: interpreting the data. (Open University Press, 1986).
71.
Cohen, S. Visions of social control: crime, punishment and classification. (Polity Press, 1985).
72.
Fionda, J. Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. (Hart, 2005).
73.
Flood-Page, C., Campbell, S., Harrington, V. & Miller, J. Youth crime: Findings from the 1998/99 Youth Lifestyles Survey.  Home Office Research Study No. 209. (2000).
74.
Gelsthorpe, L. & Kemp, V. Juvenile Justice: England and Wales. in Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends 348–350 (CRC Press, 2015).
75.
Graham, J. & Bowling, B. Young people and crime.  Home Office Research Study No. 145.
76.
Hoare, J. et al. Children’s experiences and attitudes towards the police, personal safety and public safety: Findings from the 2009/10 British Crime Survey.
77.
Hope, T. What do Crime Statistics Tell Us? in Criminology (Oxford University Press, 2013).
78.
Jones, T., MacLean, B., Young, J., & Islington (London, England). Borough Council. The Islington crime survey: crime, victimization and policing in inner-city London. (Gower, 1986).
79.
Youth Justice Statistics 2014/2015. (2016).
80.
Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds. (2014).
81.
Padfield, N., Maguire, M. & Morgan, R. Out of Court, Out of Sight: Criminal Sanctions and Non-judicial Decision-Making’. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
82.
Victim Support. Suffering in silence: Children and Unreported Crime.
83.
Youth Survey 2009.
84.
Quinn, K. & Jackson, J. Of Rights and Roles: Police Interviews with Young Suspects in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Criminology 47, 234–255 (2006).
85.
Medford, S., Gudjonsson, G. H. & Pearse, J. The efficacy of the appropriate adult safeguard during police interviewing. Legal and Criminological Psychology 8, 253–266 (2003).
86.
Kemp, V. ‘No time for a solicitor’: implications for delays on the take-up of legal advice. Criminal Law Review (2013).
87.
Kemp, V. & Hodgson, J. England and Wales: Empirical Findings. in Interrogating young suspects: procedural safeguards from an empirical perspective (eds. Vanderhallen, M., Van Oosterhout, M., Panzavolta, M. & de Vocht, D.) vol. Maastricht series in human rights (Intersentia).
88.
Rights and Entitlements Easy Read Booklet. (2016).
89.
Brookman, F. & Pierpoint, H. Access to Legal Advice for Young Suspects and remand Prisoners. (2003).
90.
Brown, D. C., Ellis, T., Larcombe, K., & Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Planning Unit. Changing the code: police detention under the revised PACE codes of practice. vol. Home Office research study (H.M.S.O, 1992).
91.
Bucke, T., Brown, D. C., & Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Statistics Directorate. In police custody: police powers and suspects’ rights under the revised PACE codes of practice. vol. Home Office research study (Home Office, 1997).
92.
Feld, B. C. Kids, cops, and confessions: inside the interrogation room. (New York University Press, 2013).
93.
Hazel, N., Hagell, A. & Brazier, L. Young Offenders’ Perceptions of their Experiences in the Criminal Justice System. (2002).
94.
Hodgson, J. & Kemp, V. Ensuring ‘Appropriate’ Protections for Young Suspects. in Interrogating young suspects : procedural safeguards from a legal perspective (Intersentia, 2015).
95.
Hodgson, J. Vulnerable suspects and the appropriate adult. criminal Law Review 785–795 (1997).
96.
Guidance for Appropriate Adults. (2013).
97.
Kemp, V. Bridewell Legal Advice Study: Interim Report. (2012).
98.
Kemp, V., Pleasence, P. & Balmer, N. J. Children, Young People and Requests for Police Station Legal Advice: 25 years on from PACE. Youth Justice 11, 28–46 (2011).
99.
McConville, M. Standing accused: the organisation and practices of criminal defence lawyers in Britain. vol. Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice (Clarendon Press, 1994).
100.
Pierpoint, H. Quickening the PACE? the use of volunteers as appropriate adults in England and Wales. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10439460802094678 (2008).
101.
Pleasence, P., Kemp, V. & Balmer, N. The Justice Lottery? Police Station Advice 25 Years on from PACE. Criminal Law Review 1, 3–18 (2011).
102.
Skinns, L. ‘I’m a Detainee; Get Me Out of Here’: Predictors of Access to Custodial Legal Advice in Public and Privatized Police Custody Areas in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology 49, 399–417 (2009).
103.
Young, S., Goodwin, E. J., Sedgwick, O. & Gudjonsson, G. H. The effectiveness of police custody assessments in identifying suspects with intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. BMC Medicine 11, (2013).
104.
Goldson, B. Youth in Crisis? in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
105.
Hallsworth, S. Gang Talking Criminologists: A Rejoinder to John Pitts. Youth and Policy (2014).
106.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
107.
Ending Gang and Youth Violence Programme Annual Report 2014/2015. (2015).
108.
Gavin Berman. The August 2011 riots: a statistical summary. (2012).
109.
Brotherton, D. Youth street gangs: a critical appraisal. vol. New directions in critical criminology (Routledge, 2015).
110.
Dying to Belong: An In-depth Review of Street Gangs in Britain. (2009).
111.
Cohen, A. K. Delinquent boys: the culture of the gang. (Free Press, 1955).
112.
Cohen, S. Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the mods and rockers. vol. Routledge classics (Routledge, 2011).
113.
Downes, D. M. The delinquent solution: a study in subcultural theory. vol. International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966).
114.
Goldson, B. Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence. (Routledge, 2011).
115.
Hall, S., Jefferson, T., & MyiLibrary. Resistance through rituals: youth subcultures in post-war Britain. (Routledge, 2006).
116.
Hallsworth, S. Gangland Britain? Realities, Fantasies and Industry. in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
117.
Hallsworth, S. & Brotherton, D. Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning. (2011).
118.
Newburn, T. Youth, Crime and Justice. in The Oxford handbook of criminology 613–625 (Clarendon Press, 1997).
119.
Pearson, G. Youth, Crime and Society. in The Oxford handbook of criminology 1176–1185 (Clarendon Press, 1994).
120.
Pitts, J. Reluctant Criminologists: Criminology, Ideology and the Violent Youth Gang. Youth & Policy 109, (2012).
121.
Pitts, J. Reluctant gangsters: the changing face of youth crime. (Routledge, 2011).
122.
Squires, P. Young people and weaponisation. in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
123.
Youth Justice Board. Groups, Gangs and Weapons (Full Report). http://yjbpublications.justice.gov.uk/en-gb/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=342&eP=.
124.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
125.
Newbury, A. ‘I Would Have Been Able to Hear What They Think’: Tensions in Achieving Restorative Outcomes in the English Youth Justice System. Youth Justice 11, 250–265 (2011).
126.
Restorative Justice in Youth Offending Teams. (2015).
127.
Daly, K. The Limits of Restorative Justice. (2006).
128.
Braithwaite, J. Crime, shame, and reintegration. (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
129.
Brown, S. Understanding Youth and Crime. (McGraw-Hill Education, 2005).
130.
Crawford, A., Crawford, A. & Newburn, T. Recent Developments in Restorative Justice for Young People in England and Wales: Community Participation and Representation. British Journal of Criminology 42, 476–495 (2002).
131.
Cunneen, C. & Goldson, B. Restorative Justice? A Critical Analysis. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
132.
Deakin, J. Dangerous People, Dangerous Places: The Nature and Location of Young People’s Victimisation and Fear. Children <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Society 20, 376–390 (2006).
133.
Dignan, J. Juvenile Justice, Criminal Courts and Restorative Justice. in Handbook of restorative justice (Willan, 2007).
134.
Earle, R. Creative Tensions? Young Offenders, Restorative Justice and the Introduction        of Referral Orders. Youth Justice 1, 3–13 (2001).
135.
Haines, K. & Drakeford, M. Young people and youth justice. (Macmillan, 1998).
136.
Haines, K. & O’Mahoney, D. Restorative Approaches, Young People and Youth Justice. in Youth crime and justice: critical issues (Sage, 2006).
137.
Johnstone, G. & Van Ness, D. W. Handbook of restorative justice. (Willan, 2007).
138.
Lacey, L. Youth justice in England and Wales: exploring young offenders’ perceptions of restorative and procedural justice in the referral order process. (2012).
139.
Morris, A. & Maxwell, G. M. Restorative justice for juveniles: conferencing, mediation and circles. (Hart, 2001).
140.
Newburn, T. & Great Britain. Home Office. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. The introduction of referral orders into the youth justice system: final report. vol. Home Office research study (Home Office, 2002).
141.
Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds. (2014).
142.
Radford et al., L. Child Abuse and Neglect in the UK Today. (2011).
143.
Shapland et al., J. Restorative Justice: the views of victims and offenders. (2007).
144.
Sherman, L. & Strang, H. Restorative Justice: The Evidence. (2007).
145.
Victim Support. Suffering in Silence: Children and unreported crime. (2014).
146.
Sharpe, G. Offending girls: young women and youth justice. (Routledge, 2012).
147.
Sharpe, G. & Gelsthorpe, L. Girls, Crime and Justice. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
148.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
149.
Peacock, L. Britain’s gangster girls: The dark side of female empowerment: The rise of women and females running gangs - Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10857716/Britains-gangster-girls-The-dark-side-of-female-empowerment-The-rise-of-women-and-females-running-gangs.html (2014).
150.
Sherman, F. & Balck, A. Gender Injustice. (2015).
151.
Chesney-Lind, M., Shelden, R. G., & ebrary. Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice. (John Wiley & Sons, 2014).
152.
Girls in the Criminal Justice System. (2014).
153.
Heidensohn, F. & Silvestri, M. Gender and Crime. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
154.
Ministry of Justice. Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2013. (2014).
155.
Sharpe, G. Offending girls: young women and youth justice. (Routledge, 2013).
156.
Smart, C. Women, crime and criminology: a feminist critique. vol. Routledge revivals (Routledge, 2013).
157.
Toor, S. British Asian Girls, Crime and Youth Justice. Youth Justice 9, 239–253 (2009).
158.
Wahidin, A. Gender and Crime. in Criminology (Oxford University Press, 2013).
159.
Young, T. In search of the ‘shemale’ ganster. in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
160.
Youth Justice Board. Girls and Offending – Patterns, Perceptions and Interventions. (2009).
161.
Zahn, M. A., Day, J. C., Mihalic, S. F. & Tichavsky, L. Determining What Works for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System: A Summary of Evaluation Evidence. Crime & Delinquency 55, 266–293 (2009).
162.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
163.
Winterdyk, J. Juvenile justice: international perspectives, models, and trends. (CRC Press, 2015).
164.
Hazel, N. Cross-National Comparison of Youth Justice. (2008).
165.
Goldson, B. & Muncie, J. Children’s Human Rights and Youth Justice with Integrity. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
166.
Dünkel, F. & Dunkel, F. Juvenile justice systems in Europe: current situation and reform developments. vol. Schriften zum Strafvollzug, Jugendstrafrecht und zur Kriminologie (Forum Verlag Godesberg, 2014).
167.
Cavadino, M., Dignan, J. & Mair, G. The penal system: an introduction. (SAGE, 2013).
168.
Report of the UK Children’s Commissioners UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Examination of the Fifth Periodic Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (2015).
169.
State of Children’s Rights in England. (2014).
170.
Fionda, J. Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. (Hart, 2005).
171.
5th report uncrc equality and human - Google Search. https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&amp;ion=1&amp;espv=2&amp;ie=UTF-8#q=5th%20report%20uncrc%20equality%20and%20human (2014).
172.
The UK’s Compliance with the UNCRC. (2015).
173.
Muncie, J. Illusions Of Difference: Comparative Youth Justice in the Devolved United Kingdom. British Journal of Criminology 51, 40–57 (2011).
174.
John, M. The ‘punitive’ turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA. (2008).
175.
Muncie, J. & Goldson, B. Comparative youth justice: critical issues. (Sage Publications, 2006).
176.
M., P., D., V., M., O. & M., V. Interrogating young suspects: procedural safeguards from a legal perspective. vol. Maastricht series in human rights (Intersentia, 2015).
177.
Universal Periodic Review Mid Term Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. (2014).
178.
Case, S. Negative Youth Justice: Creating the youth crime ‘problem’. http://www.cycj.org.uk/negative-youth-justice-creating-the-youth-crime-problem/ (2016).
179.
Case, S. Positive youth justice: Solving the youth crime ‘problem’ with children first solutions. http://www.profstevecase.com/blog/4592945329/Positive-youth-justice-Solving-the-youth-crime-%E2%80%98problem%E2%80%99-with-children-first-solutions/10966715 (2016).
180.
Haines, K. & Case, S. Positive youth justice - Children first, offenders second. https://policypress.co.uk/positive-youth-justice (2015).
181.
Review of Youth Justice in England and Wales. (2016).
182.
Briggs, D. Conceptualising Risk and Need: The Rise of Actuarialism and the Death of Welfare? Practitioner Assessment and Intervention in the Youth Offending Service. Youth Justice 13, 17–30 (2013).
183.
Case, S. & Haines, K. Children First, Offenders Second Positive Promotion: Reframing the Prevention Debate. Youth Justice 15, 226–239 (2015).
184.
Goldson, B. The circular motions of penal politics and the pervasive irrationalities of child imprisonment. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
185.
Goshe, S. Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice. Youth Justice 15, 42–56 (2015).
186.
Kelly, L. & Armitage, V. Diverse Diversions: Youth Justice Reform, Localized Practices, and a ‘New Interventionist Diversion’? Youth Justice 15, 117–133 (2015).
187.
McAra, L. & S, M. The Case for Diversion and Minimum Necessary Intervention. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
188.
Morgan, R. & Newburn, T. Youth crime and justice: rediscovering devolution, discretion and diversion? in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
189.
Muncie, J. Youth and crime. (SAGE Publications, 2015).
190.
National Strategy for the Policing of Children and Young People. (2015).
191.
Smith, D. J. A new response to youth crime. (Routledge, 2010).
192.
Smith, R. Re-inventing Diversion. Youth Justice 14, 109–121 (2014).
193.
Fionda, J. Devils and angels: youth, policy and crime. (Hart, 2005).
194.
John, M. The ‘punitive’ turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA. (2008).
195.
Quinn, K. & Jackson, J. Of Rights and Roles: Police Interviews with Young Suspects in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Criminology 47, 234–255 (2006).
196.
Rap, S., Weijers, I., & MyiLibrary. The effective youth court: juvenile justice procedures in Europe. (Eleven International Publishing, 2014).
197.
Brookman, F. & Pierpoint, H. Access to Legal Advice for Young Suspects and remand Prisoners. (2003).
198.
Brown, D. C., Ellis, T., Larcombe, K., & Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Planning Unit. Changing the code: police detention under the revised PACE codes of practice. vol. Home Office research study (H.M.S.O, 1992).
199.
Feld, B. C. Kids, cops, and confessions: inside the interrogation room. (New York University Press, 2013).
200.
Hodgson, J. Vulnerable suspects and the appropriate adult. criminal Law Review 785–795 (1997).
201.
Guidance for Appropriate Adults. (2013).
202.
Kemp, V. Bridewell Legal Advice Study: Interim Report. (2012).
203.
Kemp, V. & Balmer, N. Criminal defence services: users’ perspectives: an interim report. (2008).
204.
Lacey, L. Youth justice in England and Wales: exploring young offenders’ perceptions of restorative and procedural justice in the referral order process. (2012).
205.
Pierpoint, H. Quickening the PACE? the use of volunteers as appropriate adults in England and Wales. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10439460802094678 (2008).
206.
Young, S., Goodwin, E. J., Sedgwick, O. & Gudjonsson, G. H. The effectiveness of police custody assessments in identifying suspects with intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. BMC Medicine 11, (2013).
207.
May, T., Gyateng, T. & Hough, M. Differential Treatment in the Youth Justice System.
208.
Bowling, Ben & Phillips, C. Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search. Modern Law Review 70, (2007).
209.
McAra, L. & McVie, S. ‘Critical debates in developmental and life-course criminology’. in The Oxford handbook of criminology (Oxford University Press, 2012).
210.
Rollock, N. The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry 10 Years On.
211.
Kjartan Páll Sveinsson, K. P. Criminal Justice v. Racial Justice.
212.
Webster, C. & ebrary, Inc. Understanding race and crime. vol. Crime and justice (Open University Press, 2007).
213.
Young, T. In search of the ‘shemale’ ganster. in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
214.
Bateman, T. Trends in detected youth crime and contemporary state responses. Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
215.
Corston, B. J. The Corston Report. (2007).
216.
Girls in the Criminal Justice System. (2014).
217.
Roe, S. & Ashe, J. Young people and crime: findings from the 2006 Offending, Crime and Justice Survey. (2008).
218.
Smart, C. Women, crime and criminology: a feminist critique. vol. Routledge revivals (Routledge, 2013).
219.
Daly, K. Restorative justice: The real story. Punishment & Society 4, 55–79 (2002).
220.
Deakin, J. Dangerous People, Dangerous Places: The Nature and Location of Young People’s Victimisation and Fear. Children <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Society 20, 376–390 (2006).
221.
Hoare, J. et al. Children’s experience and attitudes towards the police, personal safety and public spaces: Findings from the 2009/10 British Crime Survey interviews with children aged 10 to 15. (2011).
222.
Newburn, T. & Great Britain. Home Office. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. The introduction of referral orders into the youth justice system: final report. vol. Home Office research study (Home Office, 2002).
223.
Radford et al., L. Child Abuse and Neglect in the UK Today. (2011).
224.
Shapland et al., J. Restorative Justice: the views of victims and offenders. (2007).
225.
Sherman, L. & Strang, H. Restorative Justice: The Evidence. (2007).
226.
Victim Support. Suffering in Silence: Children and unreported crime. (2014).
227.
Wilcox, A., Young, R. & Hoyle, C. Two-year Resanctioning Study: A comparison of Restorative and Traditional Cautions. (2004).
228.
Bishop, J. The art of trolling law enforcement: a review and model for implementing ‘flame trolling’ legislation enacted in Great Britain (1981–2012). International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 27, 301–318 (2013).
229.
Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D. & Paulhus, D. L. Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences 67, 97–102 (2014).
230.
Phippen, A. Sharing personal images and videos among young people. (2009).
231.
Stone, N. The ‘Sexting’ Quagmire: Criminal Justice Responses to Adolescents’ Electronic Transmission of Indecent Images in the UK and the USA. Youth Justice 11, 266–281 (2011).
232.
Cesaroni, C., Downing, S. & Alvi, S. Bullying Enters the 21st Century? Turning a Critical Eye to Cyber-bullying Research. Youth Justice 12, 199–211 (2012).
233.
Best, R. & Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Communications. Social media and criminal offences: 1st report of session 2014-15. vol. HL Paper (Stationery Office, 2014).
234.
Briggs, D. Conceptualising Risk and Need: The Rise of Actuarialism and the Death of Welfare? Practitioner Assessment and Intervention in the Youth Offending Service. Youth Justice 13, 17–30 (2013).
235.
Dünkel, F. & Dunkel, F. Juvenile justice systems in Europe: current situation and reform developments. vol. Schriften zum Strafvollzug, Jugendstrafrecht und zur Kriminologie (Forum Verlag Godesberg, 2014).
236.
Goldson, B. ‘Unsafe, Unjust and Harmful to Wider Society’: Grounds for Raising the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in England and Wales. Youth Justice 13, 111–130 (2013).
237.
Kelly, L. & Armitage, V. Diverse Diversions: Youth Justice Reform, Localized Practices, and a ‘New Interventionist Diversion’? Youth Justice 15, 117–133 (2015).
238.
Breaking the Cycle: Effective Punishment, Rehabilitation and Sentencing of Offenders. (2015).
239.
National Strategy for the Policing of Children and Young People. (2015).
240.
Smith, R. Re-inventing Diversion. Youth Justice 14, 109–121 (2014).
241.
Haines, K. & Case, S. Is the Scaled Approach a Failed Approach? Youth Justice 12, 212–228 (2012).
242.
Prison: The Facts. (2014).
243.
Youth Justice Statistics 2014/2015. (2016).
244.
Chapter 3: Experiences of Crime Among 10 to 15 Year Olds. (2014).
245.
Medford, S., Gudjonsson, G. H. & Pearse, J. The efficacy of the appropriate adult safeguard during police interviewing. Legal and Criminological Psychology 8, 253–266 (2003).
246.
Kemp, V. ‘No time for a solicitor’: implications for delays on the take-up of legal advice. Criminal Law Review (2013).
247.
Skinns, L. ‘I’m a Detainee; Get Me Out of Here’: Predictors of Access to Custodial Legal Advice in Public and Privatized Police Custody Areas in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology 49, 399–417 (2009).
248.
Hazel, N., Hagell, A. & Brazier, L. Young Offenders’ Perceptions of their Experiences in the Criminal Justice System. (2002).
249.
Ending Gang and Youth Violence Programme Annual Report 2014/2015. (2015).
250.
Gavin Berman. The August 2011 riots: a statistical summary. (2012).
251.
Pitts, J. Reluctant Criminologists: Criminology, Ideology and the Violent Youth Gang. Youth & Policy 109, (2012).
252.
Pitts, J. Reluctant gangsters: the changing face of youth crime. (Routledge, 2011).
253.
Dying to Belong: An In-depth Review of Street Gangs in Britain. (2009).
254.
Hallsworth, S. Gangland Britain? Realities, Fantasies and Industry. in Youth in crisis?: ‘gangs’, territoriality and violence (Routledge, 2011).
255.
Daly, K. The Limits of Restorative Justice. (2006).
256.
Newbury, A. ‘I Would Have Been Able to Hear What They Think’: Tensions in Achieving Restorative Outcomes in the English Youth Justice System. Youth Justice 11, 250–265 (2011).
257.
Restorative Justice in Youth Offending Teams. (2015).
258.
Restorative Justice in Youth Offending Teams. (2015).
259.
Lacey, L. Youth justice in England and Wales: exploring young offenders’ perceptions of restorative and procedural justice in the referral order process. (2012).
260.
Peacock, L. Britain’s gangster girls: The dark side of female empowerment: The rise of women and females running gangs - Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10857716/Britains-gangster-girls-The-dark-side-of-female-empowerment-The-rise-of-women-and-females-running-gangs.html (2014).
261.
Sherman, F. & Balck, A. Gender Injustice. (2015).
262.
Report of the UK Children’s Commissioners UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Examination of the Fifth Periodic Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (2015).
263.
Report of the UK Children’s Commissioners UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Examination of the Fifth Periodic Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (2015).
264.
State of Children’s Rights in England. (2014).
265.
5th report uncrc equality and human - Google Search. https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&amp;ion=1&amp;espv=2&amp;ie=UTF-8#q=5th%20report%20uncrc%20equality%20and%20human (2014).
266.
Muncie, J. Illusions Of Difference: Comparative Youth Justice in the Devolved United Kingdom. British Journal of Criminology 51, 40–57 (2011).
267.
Universal Periodic Review Mid Term Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. (2014).
268.
The UK’s Compliance with the UNCRC. (2015).
269.
Goldson, B. & Muncie, J. Children’s Human Rights and Youth Justice with Integrity. in Youth crime & justice (SAGE, 2015).
270.
Case, S. Positive youth justice: Solving the youth crime ‘problem’ with children first solutions. http://www.profstevecase.com/blog/4592945329/Positive-youth-justice-Solving-the-youth-crime-%E2%80%98problem%E2%80%99-with-children-first-solutions/10966715 (2016).
271.
Case, S. Negative Youth Justice: Creating the youth crime ‘problem’. http://www.cycj.org.uk/negative-youth-justice-creating-the-youth-crime-problem/ (2016).
272.
Haines, K. & Case, S. Positive youth justice - Children first, offenders second. https://policypress.co.uk/positive-youth-justice (2015).
273.
Review of Youth Justice in England and Wales. (2016).
274.
Case, S. & Haines, K. Children First, Offenders Second Positive Promotion: Reframing the Prevention Debate. Youth Justice 15, 226–239 (2015).
275.
Goshe, S. Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice. Youth Justice 15, 42–56 (2015).
276.
Goshe, S. Moving Beyond the Punitive Legacy: Taking Stock of Persistent Problems in Juvenile Justice. Youth Justice 15, 42–56 (2015).